Radiofrequency ablation of the LES is used to decrease reflux episodes by increasing LES pressure and decreasing LES relaxations. A radiofrequency ablation technique called Stretta was found to be insignificant in GERD patients in a meta-analysis study (including 153 patients)[10]. Stretta was found to be associated with adverse effects such as pneumonia, gastroparesis, esophageal perforation, cardiac arrest, and even death. Surgery  is an option for patients with symptoms refractory to other treatments or for those who have further complications. Fundoplication is the anti-reflux surgery and is an effective treatment option. Fundoplication has been shown to improve quality of life in patients with chronic symptoms. The failure rate of fundoplication ranges from 3% to 16%. Surgery comes with its own complications including bloating, gas, dysphagia, and recurrent symptoms over time.  Moreover, failure of the anti-reflux surgery may require a revisional surgery. Laparoscopic fundoplication is the gold standard for surgical treatment of GERD. Different types of fundoplication include, Nissen, Anterior, and Toupet fundoplication. To make sure that surgery is the best option for treatment, it is important to take into account all the factors such as obesity.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a highly prevalent disease, but remains a common and challenging condition. Treatments should including lifestyle modification and if needed, medications. PPIs remain the mainstay of treatment of GERD. In more severse cases surgery is opted for.  Understanding the pathophysiology of GERD may help in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Warning signs to watch out for include difficulty swallowing, vomiting, vomiting blood, palpable masses, severe chest pain, unexplained weight loss. Notify your doctor immediately if experience any of these symptoms.